Key Points Provider operates shared infrastructure for multiple tenants Resources are accessed over network-based service interfaces Supports elastic scale and remote administration Common for application hosting and data services Customers pay for usage rather than owning hardware Definition Public Cloud…
Key Points Adds or removes capacity automatically in response to workload demand Used in cloud platforms, Kubernetes clusters, and distributed services Responds to metrics such as CPU, queue depth, request rate, or health Supports elasticity and resource efficiency Prevents overprovisioning…
Key Points Tracks asset condition over time Used for predictive maintenance Common in industrial and asset management systems Relies on measurements such as vibration, temperature, or alarms Enables early detection of degradation before failure becomes disruptive Definition Condition Monitoring is…
Key Points Represents a guaranteed service rate Used in carrier and service agreements Common in WAN and access services Often paired with burst capacity Defines minimum level of throughput a provider intends to deliver Definition Committed Information Rate is the…
Key Points Provides stable reference frequency for conversion Used in transmit and receive chains Quality strongly affects conversion stability, purity, and spectral behavior Affects phase noise and frequency stability Used in radios, satellite systems, and microwave equipment Definition Local Oscillator…
Key Points Uses outputs to understand internal state Common in operations and software systems Depends on metrics, logs, and traces Supports troubleshooting and analysis Enables operators and tools to reconstruct behavior and identify anomalies Definition Observability is the ability to…
Key Points Uses virtual circuits for logical paths through shared provider networks Historically important in enterprise WANs and carrier networks Carries frames across shared networks without dedicated physical circuits Predecessor to modern Ethernet-based and MPLS-based transport systems Emphasized simple frame…
Key Points Combines physical facilities with technical communications operations Includes antennas, power systems, connectivity, equipment rooms, and operational support Supports satellite teleport and gateway functions from the ground side Critical components include radio systems, processing equipment, power distribution, and cooling…
Key Points Describes service reach and availability Used in telecom and wireless planning Affected by power, propagation, and geography Can refer to signal, service, or network reach Constraint factors include terrain, interference, and service thresholds Definition Coverage is the extent…
Key Points Provides on-demand computing resources Includes compute, storage, and networking services Supports elastic scaling and managed operations Foundational model for modern digital infrastructure Enables remote provisioning from managed environments Supports enterprise IT, software development, analytics, and collaboration Definition Cloud…
