Key Points Common in industrial automation Supports simple master-slave or client-server exchange Used with PLCs, sensors, and actuators Widely deployed in legacy and modern systems May run over serial links or Ethernet depending on variant Limited security features in classic…
Key Points Lower microwave frequency range Offers good propagation and penetration characteristics Used in mobile and satellite applications Supports robust links with relatively large antennas or lower bandwidths Strong cross-industry relevance across telecom, Aviation, Maritime, and satellite systems Definition L…
Key Points High-power microwave amplification device Uses a traveling wave tube to boost RF signals across microwave frequencies Provides strong output capability and wideband performance Common in satellite communications and radar systems Requires significant power supply, thermal management, and maintenance…
Key Points Defines permitted delay across a path Used in service and network design Often divided across multiple hops or segments Supports performance planning for real-time services Operationally meaningful in voice, video, trading, industrial control, and satellite services Definition Latency…
Key Points Distributes traffic across servers or services Improves resilience and capacity usage Used in network and application architectures Can operate at multiple layers Prevents single points of failure and bottlenecks Definition A Load Balancer is a system that distributes…
Key Points Covers computing and networked information systems Supports business and operational processes Includes hardware, software, and services Used across nearly all organizations Exists to support business, operational, and administrative functions through digital systems Definition IT is information technology, the…
Key Points Connects spacecraft directly in space for orbital data exchange Supports routing, relay, and coordination between satellites Reduces reliance on ground relay in constellation and relay architectures Used in satellite constellations, Earth observation systems, navigation systems, and space-based communications…
Key Points Traffic Policing enforces traffic rate limits against a defined policy Enforcement occurs by marking, dropping, or constraining packets that exceed configured thresholds Used in carrier networks, enterprise edges, and managed connectivity systems Differs from Traffic Shaping in that…
Key Points Spans control connectivity across an entire facility Connects controllers, I/O devices, and operator stations Carries control, monitoring, and supervisory traffic throughout the site Common in industrial plants, manufacturing sites, utilities, and process facilities Supports both automation and supervisory…
Key Points Places content near users to improve delivery speed and availability Reduces origin load and latency through geographically distributed caching Used for web, media, and application asset delivery Balances content freshness with delivery efficiency Operates across edge compute locations…
