Key Points Provider hosts and operates the application Users access the software over the network Reduces local installation and maintenance Common in subscription-based cloud services Centralizes application hosting, updates, and infrastructure management Definition Software As A Service is a delivery…
Key Points Uses labels to forward traffic efficiently across networks Commonly used in carrier and enterprise WAN environments Supports traffic engineering and quality-of-service mechanisms Often associated with managed WAN and VPN services Can coexist with IP routing and other transport…
Key Points Marks a transition between Maritime and terrestrial coverage domains Defines the area where system shifts between different access networks or coverage sources Critical for maintaining session continuity during vessel approach to shore Managed to reduce loss of service…
Key Points Transmits compliance-related environmental data including emissions, fuel, and discharge information Supports reporting and audit workflows for regulatory compliance Tied to regulated voyage operations and fleet management Enables auditable records and timely submissions to shore systems or regulators Requires…
Key Points Moves compute closer to data sources Reduces latency and backhaul dependence Enables real-time processing and local decision-making Used in distributed environments including industrial IoT, telecom, retail, transport, and smart cities Supports selective forwarding to central systems for non-time-sensitive…
Key Points Hard Real-Time Constraint is a timing requirement that must always be met Missing the deadline causes unacceptable system behavior or failure Used in operational and control contexts where safety or correctness depends on deterministic timing Requires bounded execution…
Key Points Combines multiple carriers into one service Used in mobile and wireless systems Increases capacity and throughput potential Requires device and network support Improves spectrum utilization efficiency Definition Carrier Aggregation is a wireless technique that combines multiple frequency carriers…
Key Points Operates close to data sources Collects and forwards local operational data Reduces dependence on direct central ingestion Bridges Edge Compute devices with central data systems Used in industrial sites, remote locations, and telemetry systems Definition Edge Data Collector…
Key Points Communication model where each message is independent of prior messages Each request is self-contained and carries all necessary information Simplifies scaling, recovery, and interoperability Reduces dependency on stored connection state Used in web services, APIs, distributed systems, and…
Key Points Supports communication during disruptions and emergencies Used in public safety, disaster recovery, and critical infrastructure scenarios May rely on backup paths, satellite links, mobile fallback, or rapidly deployable systems Prioritizes continuity and reachability over standard service Operates across…
