Key Points Distributes traffic across servers or services Improves resilience and capacity usage Used in network and application architectures Can operate at multiple layers Prevents single points of failure and bottlenecks Definition A Load Balancer is a system that distributes…
Key Points Connects spacecraft directly in space for orbital data exchange Supports routing, relay, and coordination between satellites Reduces reliance on ground relay in constellation and relay architectures Used in satellite constellations, Earth observation systems, navigation systems, and space-based communications…
Key Points Monitors battery condition and safety Controls charge and discharge behavior Protects against overvoltage, undervoltage, and thermal limits Measures voltage, current, temperature, and cell-level balance Prevents unsafe operating conditions through active regulation Definition Battery Management System is the subsystem…
Key Points Interfaces with remote sensors and actuators Collects telemetry and transmits control data Used in SCADA and remote operations systems Designed for distributed field environments Acts as a field endpoint that gathers data and relays commands to supervisory systems…
Key Points Provides multiple available routes Improves resilience and availability Used in networks and transport systems Reduces dependence on a single path Most valuable when alternate paths do not share the same failure domain Definition Path Diversity is the presence…
Key Points Loop Prevention is defined for network or system use Mechanisms that prevent forwarding or routing loops Used across network and system environments Used in networking, routing protocols, and distributed control environments Core requirement when path selection or message…
Key Points Spans control connectivity across an entire facility Connects controllers, I/O devices, and operator stations Carries control, monitoring, and supervisory traffic throughout the site Common in industrial plants, manufacturing sites, utilities, and process facilities Supports both automation and supervisory…
Key Points Places content near users to improve delivery speed and availability Reduces origin load and latency through geographically distributed caching Used for web, media, and application asset delivery Balances content freshness with delivery efficiency Operates across edge compute locations…
Key Points Controlled reduction in capability while preserving partial operation Preserves partial function rather than failing completely Used in operational and architecture contexts Works by shedding optional functions, reducing quality, or disabling nonessential features in a planned way Definition Graceful…
Key Points Route Convergence is the process of reaching consistent routing state after topology change Routers exchange updates, recalculate routes, and settle on stable forwarding state Route convergence speed is often a major operational concern because users may experience loss…
