Key Points – Focuses on minimizing downtime and maintaining service accessibility – Uses redundancy, monitoring, and failover mechanisms – Common in cloud systems, telecom, enterprise IT, and critical infrastructure – Supports service continuity and operational resilience goals – Involves tradeoffs…
Key Points – Works within existing assets and constraints – Must account for legacy systems – Common when upgrading live operations – Requires compatibility work, careful change control, and staged deployment – Often involves interface translation and preservation of current…
Key Points – Uses multiple cloud providers – Can improve resilience or reduce dependency – Requires integration and governance – Common in enterprise cloud strategy Definition Multi Cloud is the use of services from more than one cloud provider within…
Key Points – Prioritizes safety on failure – Used in industrial, mechanical, and control systems – May stop, isolate, or de-energize equipment – Distinct from failover or fault tolerance – Confusing fail safe with redundancy or automatic recovery is a…
Key Points – Process Dead Time is defined for network and system use – Represents delay before a process output begins to respond to an input change – Used in operational and control contexts – Makes control more difficult because…
Key Points – Covers confidentiality, integrity, and availability – Applies to satcom systems and traffic – Includes policy, monitoring, and protection controls – Combines technical protection, operational policy, monitoring, and recovery measures – Maintains trustworthy service and data handling in…
Key Points – Runs over standard Ethernet infrastructure – Used for controller, device, and I/O interaction – Common in factory and process automation networks – Bridges standard Ethernet transport with industrial automation messaging – Operates in manufacturing, machine automation, and…
Key Points – Provider hosts and operates the application – Users access the software over the network – Reduces local installation and maintenance – Common in subscription-based cloud services – Centralizes application hosting, updates, and infrastructure management Definition Software As…
Key Points – Provides operator visibility and control over machines and processes – Displays status, alarms, trends, and enables command issuance – Common in control rooms, panels, machinery, and industrial automation – HMI design affects how quickly and accurately operators…
Key Points – Organizes networking into seven layers – Used as a reference model in networking – Helps separate functions and responsibilities – Common in education and troubleshooting – Provides abstraction for reasoning about communication problems Definition OSI Model is…
