Energy

Smart Grid The umbrella concept for a modernized electrical grid instrumented with two-way digital communication, sensing, and automation across generation, transmission, and distribution, providing the connectivity foundation for coordinated, data-driven grid operation. Concept/Framework Smart Inverter A power electronics device converting DC power from a distributed energy resource into grid-compatible AC power, additionally providing autonomous grid-support functions — voltage regulation, frequency response, remote curtailment, and fault… Hardware Solar Array Solar Array is a group of solar cells arranged to convert sunlight into electrical power. It provides photovoltaic energy generation. Hardware Substation Automation The use of intelligent electronic devices and digital communication within an electrical substation to monitor, protect, and control switching and protection equipment automatically, replacing manual switching and electromechanical protection relays… Concept/Framework Supervisory Control System Supervisory Control System is a higher-level control system that monitors processes and coordinates lower-level controllers and field devices. It oversees local control rather than replacing it. Operations Synchrophasor A measurement device that captures the electrical grid's voltage and current phasor values with a precise, GNSS-derived timestamp, enabling measurements taken at widely separated grid locations to be directly compared… Hardware Telemetry System Telemetry System is a system that collects and transmits measurements or status data from remote or distributed assets to a monitoring or control point, supporting visibility and management of remote… Operations Thermal Control System Thermal Control System is the subsystem that manages heat removal, heat distribution, and temperature regulation for onboard equipment. It keeps hardware within thermal operating limits. Hardware Uplink Uplink is the transmission path from a ground, local, or user endpoint toward a satellite, tower, or other receiving system, representing the outbound transmission direction. Protocol Virtual Power Plant A network of distributed energy resources aggregated and coordinated to function as a single dispatchable capacity resource capable of participating in wholesale energy markets or providing grid services, without requiring… Service Model