Key Points Describes shared-capacity oversubscription Used in access and broadband planning Higher ratios mean more sharing Common in telecom service design Indicates expected resource sharing relative to committed capacity Definition Contention Ratio is the ratio between the total capacity shared…
Key Points Uses more than one equal-cost route Can improve utilization and redundancy Common in routed IP networks Often used with load sharing or multipath forwarding Distributes traffic across paths according to a hashing or load-sharing strategy Used in data…
Key Points Uses path information in route advertisements Supports inter-domain routing decisions Helps prevent routing loops Foundation for BGP-like behavior Enables policy-based route acceptance and filtering Definition Path Vector Routing is a routing method in which route advertisements include path…
Key Points Traffic Engineering involves deliberate planning and control of traffic flow to meet network objectives Used to balance load, protect services, and control latency across network environments Operates through metrics, policy, or explicit path selection to steer flows intentionally…
Key Points IBGP is a communication protocol for internal BGP routing sessions within a single autonomous system Used in service provider networks, enterprise routed networks, and large internal routing designs Supports route propagation and internal consistency without crossing administrative boundaries…
Key Points Service Level Objective is defined for network or system use Target performance or reliability level for a service Used in operational and architecture contexts Turns service expectations into measurable thresholds such as availability, latency, or error rate Helps…
Key Points Represents total receiver noise contribution Used in RF and satellite engineering Related to sensitivity and link budget Lower values generally indicate better performance Definition System Noise Temperature is a measure of the total noise contribution of a receiver…
Key Points Describes layered internet protocol behavior Includes transport and internet functions Foundation of IP networking Used in nearly all modern networks Organizes communication into layers so each layer handles its own part of the process Definition TCP-IP Stack is…
Key Points Provides alternate paths or components Used to increase availability and fault tolerance Appears in networks, control systems, and infrastructure Can be active-active or active-standby Requires deliberate design at correct failure domain Common failure modes include split-brain conditions, failed…
Key Points Coding Rate is the ratio of payload bits to total encoded bits Indicates the proportion of transmission devoted to redundancy Used across network and system environments Balances robustness against usable throughput Critical design parameter in error-control systems Definition…
