Key Points – Provider hosts and operates the application – Users access the software over the network – Reduces local installation and maintenance – Common in subscription-based cloud services – Centralizes application hosting, updates, and infrastructure management Definition Software As…
Key Points – Uses labels to forward traffic efficiently across networks – Commonly used in carrier and enterprise WAN environments – Supports traffic engineering and quality-of-service mechanisms – Often associated with managed WAN and VPN services – Can coexist with…
Key Points – Marks a transition between Maritime and terrestrial coverage domains – Defines the area where system shifts between different access networks or coverage sources – Critical for maintaining session continuity during vessel approach to shore – Managed to…
Key Points – Organizes networking into seven layers – Used as a reference model in networking – Helps separate functions and responsibilities – Common in education and troubleshooting – Provides abstraction for reasoning about communication problems Definition OSI Model is…
Key Points – Moves compute closer to data sources – Reduces latency and backhaul dependence – Enables real-time processing and local decision-making – Used in distributed environments including industrial IoT, telecom, retail, transport, and smart cities – Supports selective forwarding…
Key Points – Hard Real-Time Constraint is a timing requirement that must always be met – Missing the deadline causes unacceptable system behavior or failure – Used in operational and control contexts where safety or correctness depends on deterministic timing…
Key Points – Executes code as discrete functions – Triggered by events or requests – Provider manages runtime infrastructure – Core pattern in serverless computing – Shifts operational burden of runtime infrastructure to the provider Definition Function As A Service…
Key Points – Combines multiple carriers into one service – Used in mobile and wireless systems – Increases capacity and throughput potential – Requires device and network support – Improves spectrum utilization efficiency Definition Carrier Aggregation is a wireless technique…
Key Points – Used in BGP route distribution to scale internal routing – Reduces operational burden of full-mesh peering – Common in large internal BGP designs – Supports scalable route propagation – Route reflector receives routes from clients and reflects…
Key Points – Extends connectivity to endpoint devices – Reduces dependence on local infrastructure – Common in satellite service design discussions – Requires device, spectrum, and network integration – Used in remote coverage, emergency response, maritime and field operations –…
