Key Points Works within existing assets and constraints Must account for legacy systems Common when upgrading live operations Requires compatibility work, careful change control, and staged deployment Often involves interface translation and preservation of current operations while introducing change Definition…
Key Points Provides alternate path selection when the primary route fails or degrades Supports service continuity during outages or network degradation Common in resilient networks and satellite communications Triggered by outages, degradation, or policy constraints Requires detection mechanisms and backup…
Key Points – Process Dead Time is defined for network and system use – Represents delay before a process output begins to respond to an input change – Used in operational and control contexts – Makes control more difficult because…
Key Points Proportion of frames received with errors Measures frame-level reliability rather than bit-level reliability Used across wireless systems, satellite links, and digital transport Useful when link performance is evaluated in terms of whole frames that survive transmission intact Definition…
Key Points Uses labels to forward traffic efficiently across networks Commonly used in carrier and enterprise WAN environments Supports traffic engineering and quality-of-service mechanisms Often associated with managed WAN and VPN services Can coexist with IP routing and other transport…
Key Points – Organizes networking into seven layers – Used as a reference model in networking – Helps separate functions and responsibilities – Common in education and troubleshooting – Provides abstraction for reasoning about communication problems Definition OSI Model is…
Key Points Transmits compliance-related environmental data including emissions, fuel, and discharge information Supports reporting and audit workflows for regulatory compliance Tied to regulated voyage operations and fleet management Enables auditable records and timely submissions to shore systems or regulators Requires…
Key Points – Communication model where each message is independent of prior messages – Each request is self-contained and carries all necessary information – Simplifies scaling, recovery, and interoperability – Reduces dependency on stored connection state – Used in web…
Key Points Supports communication during disruptions and emergencies Used in public safety, disaster recovery, and critical infrastructure scenarios May rely on backup paths, satellite links, mobile fallback, or rapidly deployable systems Prioritizes continuity and reachability over standard service Operates across…
Key Points Used for inter-domain routing between autonomous systems Supports policy-based route exchange and filtering Core protocol of internet connectivity Scales across large administrative domains Focuses on reachability and policy rather than only shortest path Definition BGP is a path-vector…
