Non-Terrestrial

3GPP Release 17 The set of technical specifications published by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project as Release 17, functionally frozen in June 2022, which for the first time defines how non-terrestrial platforms integrate… Regulatory & Compliance 3GPP Release 18 The set of technical specifications published by 3GPP as Release 18, functionally frozen in 2024, defining the first "5G-Advanced" enhancements to the 5G System, including expanded NTN mobility and payload… Regulatory & Compliance 3GPP Release 19 The set of technical specifications published by 3GPP as Release 19, extending the Release 18 5G-Advanced baseline with further NTN direct-to-device and regenerative payload maturity, AI-native air interface work, and… Regulatory & Compliance 5G NTN Architecture The architectural framework, standardized by 3GPP, that defines how non-terrestrial nodes (satellites, HAPS) integrate into the 5G System as a radio access technology, covering the feeder link between gateway and… Concept/Framework 6G The next generation of cellular technology currently in research and early study-item phase within 3GPP and the ITU-R, expected to follow the 5G-Advanced arc concluding with Release 19, with no… Concept/Framework ACARS A digital datalink protocol carrying short text messages and automated status reports between aircraft and ground systems — airline operations centers and air traffic control — over VHF, HF, or… Protocol Adaptive Modulation Adaptive Modulation is the dynamic selection of modulation formats based on link conditions to balance robustness and throughput. It changes the signal constellation or format when channel quality changes, enabling… Software Adjacent Channel Interference Adjacent channel interference is the degradation of a communication channel caused by energy from a nearby channel bleeding into the wanted signal path. Concept/Framework ADS-B A surveillance protocol under which an aircraft automatically and continuously broadcasts its GNSS-derived position, altitude, velocity, and identity for reception by ground stations and nearby aircraft, without requiring radar interrogation. Protocol ADS-C A surveillance protocol in which an aircraft's position and status reports are transmitted to air traffic control under an agreed contract defining reporting triggers, used primarily in oceanic and remote… Protocol