Key Points Lower microwave band with strong propagation characteristics Known for weather resilience compared to higher microwave bands Used in satellite communications, broadcasting, and fixed wireless systems Moderate bandwidth capacity with robust coverage Often selected where stability and reliability are…
Key Points Indicates lost network data units Affects throughput and quality Common in congested or impaired networks Used as a quality and reliability metric Definition Packet Loss is the failure of one or more packets to reach their destination across…
Key Points Adds protocol headers or trailers Used across layered network stacks Supports interoperability and transport Common in networking and tunneling Enables lower layers to carry higher-layer data without needing to understand its internal format Definition Encapsulation is the process…
Key Points Occurs on the receive side of a downlink Can originate from nearby channels or external emitters Reduces signal quality, throughput, and service availability Managed through spectrum coordination, antenna discrimination, filtering, and receiver sensitivity optimization Primary impacts include reduced…
Key Points Uses a central hub for interconnection Simplifies routing and control Common in telecom and enterprise designs Can create a central dependency Hub capacity and resilience become critical factors Definition Hub And Spoke Architecture is a network design in…
Key Points Measures delay in a communication or processing path Includes propagation, queueing, and processing components Important for real-time and interactive services Often evaluated alongside jitter and throughput Aggregate measure that can span multiple system layers depending on context Definition…
Key Points Connects radio units to centralized baseband or processing resources Used in mobile and wireless infrastructure Supports centralized and distributed RAN designs Requires low latency and tight synchronization control Demands dependable transport capacity and behavior Critical for modern wireless…
Key Points Uses direct node-to-node links instead of hub-based paths Reduces dependency on ground or central hub paths Common in mesh and multi-node satellite networks Improves path flexibility and resilience in distributed transport systems Requires topology awareness and dynamic link…
Key Points Delivers routing data based on weather conditions Supports navigation and voyage planning Relies on timely and accurate environmental data Timely delivery is critical because route decisions depend on current conditions Definition Weather Routing Data Delivery is the transport…
Key Points Creates a dedicated communication path Traditionally used in telephony Reserves resources for the session duration Differs from packet switching Definition Circuit Switching is a communication method that establishes a dedicated path between endpoints for the duration of a…
