Key Points Provides multiple available routes Improves resilience and availability Used in networks and transport systems Reduces dependence on a single path Most valuable when alternate paths do not share the same failure domain Definition Path Diversity is the presence…
Key Points Places content near users to improve delivery speed and availability Reduces origin load and latency through geographically distributed caching Used for web, media, and application asset delivery Balances content freshness with delivery efficiency Operates across edge compute locations…
Key Points Describes field orientation of electromagnetic waves Used in RF and antenna design Important for interference separation and spectrum reuse May be linear, circular, or other forms Affects channel separation, propagation, and spectrum reuse capability Definition Polarization is the…
Key Points Uses application context in routing decisions Supports policy-based traffic steering Common in enterprise and cloud networks Can optimize service performance by flow type Works by using classification, metadata, policy rules, or telemetry to direct specific traffic to preferred…
Key Points Controlled reduction in capability while preserving partial operation Preserves partial function rather than failing completely Used in operational and architecture contexts Works by shedding optional functions, reducing quality, or disabling nonessential features in a planned way Definition Graceful…
Key Points Operational data collection from network systems including routers, switches, gateways, and cloud network services Produces metrics, events, traces, and measurements that describe network behavior over time Supports monitoring, troubleshooting, and performance analysis Enables visibility into traffic, device health,…
Key Points Provides isolated compute instance running on virtualization infrastructure Runs on a host through hypervisor software Common in cloud and enterprise systems Supports workload portability and consolidation Enables efficient hardware resource sharing Requires management of virtualization overhead and image…
Key Points Focuses on uninterrupted or rapidly restored service delivery Relies on resilience and recovery design Used in telecom, cloud, and operational contexts Often supported by redundancy and failover mechanisms Emphasizes practical continuity of delivery rather than only technical uptime…
Key Points Communicates with spacecraft from Earth Supports tracking, telemetry, and command Includes antennas, radios, and operational equipment Used in satellite operations, mission control, and Earth observation Constraints include antenna pointing, link budget, weather, and site availability Failure modes include…
Key Points Computation spread across multiple nodes or systems Requires coordination, communication, and fault handling between participating nodes Used in cloud computing, data processing, telecom operations, and large-scale applications Tradeoffs involve higher capacity versus more complexity, parallel execution versus communication…
